Electrolytes :: science

Electrolytes Electrolytes are fluids that lead power. Most should be broken down into water or another dissolvable. Battery⠡â ¦s have an electrolyte in them, either as a fluid or as a glue. Fluid electrolytes are utilized in electrolysis, electroplating, and other synthetic procedures. At the point when electrolytes break up they discharge positive and negative particles. The discharged particles convey electric charges between anodes, in the arrangement. Cations (an emphatically charged particle that relocates to the cathode, a negative anode) convey positive electric rushes the cathode. Anions convey negative electric approaches the anode, positive cathode. Solid electrolytes discharge numerous particles and lead power well. Feeble electrolytes, as acidic corrosive, don⠡â ¦t discharge numerous particles and lead ineffectively. Non electrolytes, similar to sugar, discharge no particles and structure non leading arrangements. A few electrolytes lead power as solids. These strong electroly tes have particles that can move and convey charges without solvents. There are two different ways to have the option to have particles that can direct power, the separation of Ionic Compounds, and the Ionization of Polar Covalent Molecular Substances. The Dissociation of Ionic Compounds is the place particles are ionically (electrically) fortified together. They previously made out of cations and anions, however in their strong express the particles are secured into position their precious stone structure, and can⠡â ¦t move around. At the point when the ionic compound is broken up into water the water atoms, which are polar,(having a positive and a negative end) will be pulled in to the positive particles. This fascination of various charges will make strain in the precious stone and it will beat the attice (the course of action of atoms in a crystalline strong) vitality keeping the gem set up. When this happens the cations will be encircled by water atoms, thus will the anions. This is known as the arrangement procedure. This makes a lower request of association of the particles. The particles are currently in a more straightforward structure so they have higher portability, and can convey electrical particles to direct power. Salts that are totally dissolvable in water are generally solid electrolytes. The salts that are scarcely dissolvable are feeble. The quality of an electrolyte is estimated by its capacity to direct power. There⠡â ¦s likewise the method of Ionization of Polar Covalent Molecular Substances. Polar sub-atomic substances will be substances whose iotas are co-valently fortified. Every atom has a net sub-atomic dipole second (the result of the separation between two posts of a dipole and the size or either shaft) that is made due to the dipole snapshots of the bonds don't counterbalance one another.

Factors Affecting University Students Performance Essay Sample free essay sample

We can indicate understudy as a researcher or individual who goes to an instructive foundation, for example, individuals who go to class or college. Not just that. any individual who look for comprehension or data can other than be view as a student. With regards to larning. what we need to cognize is the terminal outcome. We can achieve this by hiting on tests and preliminary or some other organizations to gauge us during the entire procurement Sessionss. Determinants of student’s open introduction have been the subject of on-going contention among instructors and employees. There have been numerous surveies that tried to dissect this issues and their discoveries call attention to monetary help. family unit support and student’s demeanor towards achieving accomplishment as elements that influence understudies open introduction. Financial issue have gotten one of the significant ground for understudies dab out. A student’s life rotates around surveies with the po int of convergence towards a brilliant from this point forward. We will compose a custom paper test on Variables Affecting University Students Performance Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, there is other than an extra in their life that has oppressed numerous understudies and which each student fears ; and that is financial burden. Fesse for college or school run in any case from private to state funded colleges. State funded colleges in Malaysia are account by the specialists and offer finance to understudies who enlist into state funded colleges. In the interim. the individuals who go to private school or colleges would hold to pay double ( once in a while significantly more ) than the individuals who go to specialists based colleges. Very few families figure out how to pay for their children higher guidance ( Nasri and Ahmed. 2006 ) Numerous understudies choose to stop school in light of the fact that their family unit can no longer bear to pay for their review. Money related employment other than lead understudies to take parcel cut occupation so as to help their family. aiming less clasp to examine and little point of convergence in giving their best to achieve great outcome. Along these lines. grouped colleges. enormous corporate organizations and specialists offer financial help and grant to oppressed un derstudies. Research have demonstrated that fund influence the capacity of students to achieve and progress higher achievement. An expansion in help to understudies mean less accentuation related with paying for educational cost. books and life disbursals with higher GPA as the by-stocks ( Crosby. 2011 ) . Beside monetary help. family unit support other than play an enormous part to increase understudies open introduction. An understudies scholastic achievement was enormously impact by their family unit. the individual with whom they spend a cluster of clasp together. Family can and make hold positive and negative impact on how great their children do at school. It is all things considered acknowledged that the nature of family unit cooperations has of import relationship with children’s and adolescents’ scholastic intention and achievement. Besides. guardians need to gracefully sound life status for their children ( ‘most individuals will’ . n. nutrient D ) . Understudies that originate from easy to refute family were unrealistic to execute better than different students who lead an ordinary live at place. For delineation. family unit condition have power in discovering students’ school achievement. scholastic thought process. also, the figure of mature ages of tutoring they will have. At the point when guardians show a functioning association in what the student’s realize. students will execute better. Many accept that. understudies venture towards college achievement started at place. Guardians should control their children position of guidance however non to set unneeded power per unit zone on them. Understudies do best if guardians can play a variety of capacities in their procurement. be aftering their children’s from now on and taking segment in cardinal judgments about the school plan. The gift and backing of family unit is as often as possible extremely of import to individuals in indicting their closures especially in scholastic field. So. guardians ought to be strong towards their children picks sing off classs and way they need to take. Other than that. student’s endeavor towards achieving achievement other than one of the components that administer understudies achievement. Research has indicated that a major figure of students’ open introductions are influenced by their perspectives towards explicit points. guidance and employees when all is said in done. It has been proposed that when understudies exhibit hebdomad committedness to their employees so they will undoubtedly underachieve. Moreover. a few students with a ridiculous situation of themselves may execute sick unreasonably. For case. the individuals who will in general be cocksure or ignorant about the requests of their employees may hold extremely hapless achievement since they don’t realize what exactly they have to make in other to hang out in that class. Alternately. at the point when understudies do non have faith in themselves or when they have low self image affirmation. there are openings are that they will fail to meet expecta tions. Understudies should attempt to make the best on their surveies ( Twist. n. nutrient D ) . Effective students make a committedness to make the stuff to be fruitful. They mean to be effective in all features of their college experience. Lamentably a few understudies will in general stay away from classes where they perform sick, for example, in logical order or science. so they will in general expel in classes. late to manus in assignments and score sick in investigation. They shouldn’t skip classes or didn’t accomplish the work given since it can affect their GPA and they may obtain horrible situation from the educators or instructors. One quality of an effective understudies is. they make a decent utilization of clasp and they ever turn in their assignments on cut. Effective understudies other than take an interest in class treatment. They see their educators previously or after classification or during available time about classs. comments on their archives. also, moving toward preliminaries. . They’ll leave their way to happen the instructor and take part in significant discussion. These understudies exhibit to the instructor that they are dynamic members in the obtaining strategy and that they take the control of being a student truly. Understudies need to utilize the correct review achievements for them in other to determine great classs ( Cuesta College. n. nutrient D ) . Fruitful students thinks overview motivation is basic to them. Having review motivation make it simpler to dissect and to partake in extracurricular exercises. In any case. they other than take a decent note during classification and reexamine it along these lines during their free clasp. In choice. understudies open introduction can be impact by grouped components. Yet, the three significant grounds are monetary help. family unit support and student’s disposition towards achieving achievement. Notices Heather. C. ( 2011 ) . Variables affecting local American school students achievement. Recovered July 10.2012. from hypertext move convention:/computerized. library. txstate. edu. bitterstream.Nasri Harb A ; Ahmed El-Shaarawi. ( 2006 ) . Elements affecting student’s open introduction. Recovered July10. 2012. from mpra. ub. uni-muenchen. de/136211/1/MPRA.Characteristic of an effective understudy. ( n. d. ) . Recovered July 10. 2012. fromacademic. cuesta. edu/acasupp/as/201. HTM.How to be a fruitful understudy. ( n. d. ) . Recovered July 10. 2012. fromWorld Wide Web. wikihow. com/Be-a-succesful-student.Benjamin. T. ( n. d. ) . The most effective method to be a decent student. Recovered July 10. 2012. fromWorld Wide Web. ehow. com/how-2039704-be-acceptable understudy. hypertext markup language.

Summer Registration Is Only The Beginning

Summer Registration Is Only The Beginning For everyone who is registering for classes to take this fall for their first semester, summer registration is only the beginning of what will be four years of adventure. Just like any great adventure should be, dont be afraid to take chances and gain experiences that build you as a person. When scheduling that first round of classes at summer registration, dont be afraid to take a class that interests you, but has nothing to do with your major. Try a local restaurant in the Champaign-Urbana area.  Take a walk to a part of campus that you know nothing about. And, keep both eyes open to what might make you a better student in the fall. These explorations will give you the building blocks for leaving your comfort zone and succeeding in new, exciting areas. At college registration, you will have the opportunity to seek guidance from your new academic counselor and gain knowledge from their real-world experience. Tell your counselor about interests you have, where you want to excel, and what you want to improve upon during your time in college. Your advisor is listening and can be a valuable resource for taking your adventures to the next level. In the fall, your sturdy foundation in exploration will aid your journey into new friendships, classes, and life experiences. This exercise in exploration will greatly benefit your experience when you step onto the quad for Quad Day in the fall. There, you will see thousands of people, dozens of clubs to join, and an abundance of opportunity. Instead of this overflow of opportunity being frightening, you can rest easy in the idea that each new and large situation is an opportunity to build toward your goals. Speaking of goals, set some starting at summer registration. What you expect is what you get most of the time. If there is something you want to accomplish through your college years, set your sights on it. The clarity of seeing what you want and how it will benefit you will encourage a whole new adventure. Everything that you want to experience is right in front of you at summer registration. These next four years are sure to have ups and downs, but your perspective will provide a constant through the adventure. Hold on tight, because you are now an Illini. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

Essay about Deception - 1601 Words

Deception nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Whether conducted by the patrol officer, the victim’s advocate, the prosecutor or the investigator assigned to a special unit in the criminal investigation division, the interview of a victim, witness, suspect or informant is a critical element of any investigation. Precious resources in the form of man power, money, time and equipment can be wasted because of the failure of the interviewer to conduct a complete interview and accurately evaluate the credibility of the information gained from the subject interviewed. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As a part of the three pillars of the criminal investigative process, a thorough and complete interview provides greater insight into the psychological†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The next phase of the interview is the narration. In this segment the subject of the interview is offered the opportunity to relate the facts and information within their realm of knowledge that they believe is most important to them. It is critical at this point for the interviewer to permit the subject the opportunity to fully disclose all the information that feel critical. The subject may be asked to described what they have heard about the incident or possibly their opinion about what they think might have happened. The interview will also offer encouragement for a subject to continue their narration if at some point they appear to have run out of steam and their narration is incomplete. The interviewer’s task during the narration is to make an assessment of the subject behavior to determine the degree of credibility to the subject remarks. Having already established a â€Å"constant† from the orientation portion the interviewer looks for significant â€Å"changes† in the subject’s demeanor that suggest an increase in stress on both the mental and emotional level. These â€Å"changes† suggest that the topic area is significant to the speaker and may in fact be locations where there may be deception on the part of the subject. The investigative interviewer will also makeShow MoreRelatedDeception Essay1897 Words   |  8 Pages The two plays deal with similar issues of deception and hypocrisy present in the society and how people wear masks in order to conform to the social norms of their respective societies. Both the authors, Henrik Ibsen and Moliere have made effective use of ‘deception’ in order to bring their ideas and views through to their audience.’ Ghosts’ is a perfect example of a realistic play which attacks the hypocrisy present in the society and in its value systems. Ibsen therefore was known as the fatherRead MoreDeception in Advertising to the Society865 Words   |  3 Pagesconsumers in order to reap from their ignorance. Deception is the use of trickery or deceit to get what one wants. It entails many types of omissions, whose main aim is to distort the complete truth (Carson, 2010). Advertisers have perfected this art of deception to hide from their product weaknesses and gain profit in the end. Society considers deception as a relational transgression, which n ormally leads to betrayal and mistrust among individuals. Deception can take many forms that may include propagandaRead More Deception in The Tempest Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesof Shakespeares most illusive plays of control and manipulation. The word deception is defined as the act of misleading or to trick, cheat, lie, and mislead. From this definition, it is obvious that deception is normally perceived to be evil and results in the harm of others mentally and physically. It leads to broken hearts, untold truths, or even unpunished murder. However, in Shakespeares The Tempest, deception is used as a virtuous art to manipulate an unjust situation and rectify it.Read MoreThe Consequences of Deception Essays883 Words   |  4 Pagesdesigned by deception, disguise and practical jokes. The characters use of deception within the play create many unintentional and undesirable outcomes. Through the art of deception, Shakespeare explores the ideas of deceit and self-deception which in turn creates comedic situations within the play. Many of the characters go through extremes in order to get what they want, which is the love that they desire, by deceiving everyone and at times, even deceiving themselves. The use of deception by the charactersRead MoreDeception Is Not Only Prevalent1188 Words   |  5 PagesDeception is so prevalent that it deemed as natural phenomena. In fact, deception is not only prevalent in children who are mostly brought up under non-punitive environment, but it is also common in animals such as the camouflage which do his for survival. Further, it is very helpful especially for the young and the weak that use it in their defense and hence can avoid physical violence from especially the predators. Examples of such animals who are very used to using deception for their defenseRead MoreSelf Deception : A To Mankind1816 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-Deception: A Malignancy to Mankind Human nature is prone to folly; men misjudge, and are deceived by others, but also they deceive themselves. From the beginning of history it has been so, and even in the origin stories of man this key element takes a central role. In the Christian creation story Adam disobeys his god, but his motives for doing so are not elaborated upon. It is Eve who is explicitly shown being deceived. This deception is somewhat instigated by satan, but truly it is a deceptionRead MoreHamlet Essay: Deception2184 Words   |  9 Pagestheir own Weapons Lies and deception are some of the many actions that have disastrous consequences. For the most part, they destroy trust and leave the people closest to us feeling vulnerable. In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares many plays, the theme of lies and deception is very significant. This play shows that every character that lies and practices the act of deception is ultimately punished for doing so by their treacherous deaths. Hamlet has lied and practiced deception several times which has prolongedRead More Deception in Shakespeares Othello Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesDeception in Shakespeares Othello Deception, which by its definition is a bad thing and has only one level or degree, is truly not this way at all. Deception appears many times in Othello, but in almost every incident the degree of deception is different. There are only a few characters that use deception, and those characters all use different degrees of deception to get what they want in the play. Deception is almost always used through verbal language or body language because it is the easiestRead MoreManipulation and Deception in Enders Game742 Words   |  3 PagesManipulation and Deception in Ender’s Game 2 major and reoccurring themes throughout Ender’s Game is manipulation and deception. Much of this novel is about how adults manipulate Ender into fulfilling their needs. They trick him, lie to him, and tell him just enough so that he can defeat the buggers. Ender pretty much sums this up when he says, â€Å"Ive spent my life as someones pawn (Pg. 97). On one hand, it seems wrong to lie to and cheat a kid. On the other hand, the adults manipulate him to ensureRead MoreHow Shakespeare Explores the Theme of Deception and Self-Deception in Twelfth Night2536 Words   |  11 PagesHow Shakespeare Explores the Theme of Deception and Self-Deception in Twelfth Night Deception is the use of deceit that deceives everyone around you including yourself. It is the fact or state of being deceived. It can be a ruse or a trick in disguise, which deludes, giving a sense of indirection. It’s a misleading falsehood. One can deceive by running away from even their true self either physically or mentally. Self-deception on the other hand is the act of deluding oneself

The Ethics Of A Moral Community - 1817 Words

A Moral Community Nurses have an obligation to fulfill the needs and promote optimal health of their clients. Nurses can be considered moral agents, as they process the capacity to direct their actions in an ethical matter in order to do what is good and right and promote the well-being of the clients (Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2014; Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), 2008). In the workplace, it is important for nurses to create a moral community which values the safety of both clients and health care staff (Burkhardt et al., 2014). However, nurses may discover that they can feel morally distressed when clients and other members of the health care team challenge their ethical values. In this paper I will explore an ethical situation that involved the use of chemical restraints in residential care, and the ethical issue behind its use. Nurses need to have an understanding of the use of restraints and the ethical issue behind the use of restraints. 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A virtue is a mean state which lays between two vices. A virtue is a characteristic a virtuous person possesses, for example courage. Courage is a virtue which lays between cowardice

Creativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton Free Essays

A number of creative individuals have taken their own lives, including John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Sylvia Plath, and many other writers. The large number of such cases suggests that there may be a functional relationship between creativity and psychological health. This relationship seems to vary across domains, with the rate of suicide especially high in certain groups of artists. We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton or any similar topic only for you Order Now This may suggest that there may be something unique to those domains that either draws suicide-prone persons into the domain or has an impact on the individual such that suicide is considered and often attempted. When the poem writing by Anne Sexton entitled Her Kind you can closely compare how Anne’s mental health affected her poetry and how her poetry affected her mental health. The American Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Anne Sexton took her own life in 1974 via carbon monoxide poisoning before reaching the age of fifty. Her life and work are especially interesting because her poetry was clearly tied to her own psychiatric treatment. She began writing with only moderate formal education (a high school diploma), but after being published she was given honorary degrees from several universities, including Tufts, Radcliffe, and Harvard. Sexton’s poems, many dealing with suicide, read together with richly researched recent biography, enhanced by biographer’s access to tapes of Sexton’s sessions with her psychiatrist and by foreword by that psychiatrist, permit unusual opportunity to understand the interrelationship of her illness, her treatment, and the meaning of suicide in her life. Whatever was on her mind seemed to come out in her poetry whether it was about sex, madness or death. â€Å"Readers tend to be generous in their praise, celebrating the poetry primarily because it so fully and openly reveals Sexton’s personal pain† (Anne). Basically, the speaker of â€Å"Her Kind† is outcast because she is powerful. Traditionally, society expects women to lead sheltered lives. Women are to be obedient, quiet, and timid. They are viewed as gentle and kind, not â€Å"dreaming evil† (Line 3, Sexton). The modern, liberated woman completely shatters this tradition by courageously speaking her mind and living an independent life. She is empowered as she seeks education and a stable career instead of a domestic life. Since the modern woman does not fit the traditional label, â€Å"A woman like that is not a woman quite† (Line 6, Sexton). Society would view this line of the poem as a negative slam on the modern woman and paraphrase it by saying, â€Å"She’s not quite right in the head; therefore, she does not belong here in civilization. † Anne Sexton was a poet and a woman, but most importantly, she was an outcast. Subjected to nervous breakdowns and admitted to a neuropsychiatry hospital, Sexton must have been all too familiar with the staring eyes and the judging minds of the public. Just being a woman in today’s world often can be enough to degrade a person in the public’s eye, let alone being labeled as a crazy woman. But Anne Sexton did not let society remain unchallenged in its views. She voiced a different opinion of women through poetry. In Anne Sexton’s â€Å"Her Kind† she embraces society’s negative stereotype of modern, liberated women and transforms it into a positive image. Two voices, the voice of society and the voice of Anne, duel about the issue of the stereotype of modern women. Like Anne Sexton, the speaker in this poem is an outcast woman. Sexton was born in Massachusetts on November 9, 1928, to Mary Gray Staples and Ralph Churchill Harvey, who were known to drink regularly and sometimes heavily. They were somewhat prominent and quite socially active. Scholars suggest that they may have valued their social engagements over their family responsibilities. There is some evidence that Sexton’s mother was jealous about her very early writing (Long). Sexton did not have obvious creative aspirations, but instead seemed to think more about a family of her own. At one point her mother accused her of plagiarism and had that particular writing examined. It was deemed to be original, but many scholars suggest this incident affected Sexton’s relationship with her mother. Sexton’s aunt on her father’s side attempted suicide in early childhood, lived several decades in an apparently stable marriage, and eventually committed suicide just before she turned seventy. The family believes that if her aunt’s suicide had any sort of influence on Sexton, it was probably informational (e. g. , the aunt modeling suicide) rather than genetic. Biographers place great emphasis on Sexton’s psychiatric treatment, which was significant as evidenced by the content of her poetry. And, it is possible, given her nonconformism that Sexton suffered from a borderline personality disorder. There are reports of her schizophrenic language, for instance, as well as her tendency to enter some sort of trance at the end of her psychiatric treatment sessions. She apparently did not want to end the sessions, perhaps because of emotional and social needs. â€Å"Sexton’s writing seems so personal she is often labeled a ‘confessional’ poet† Anne did not agree with this title and preferred to be called a â€Å"storyteller† (Middlebrook). For instance, in her poem titled â€Å"Her Kind† she writes, â€Å"A woman like that is not a woman, quite. I have been her kind† (Sexton). Many people would automatically assume that Anne was speaking about herself in her poem, especially according to those who believe her poetry is confessional. But in reality, â€Å"she considered the speaking ‘I’ in her poetry as a literary rather than a real identity† (Middlebrook). Not everything she wrote was necessarily about her but rather perhaps a form of therapy. Diane Middlebrook believes Sexton conveys the terms on which she wishes to be understood: not victim, but a witness (Middlebrook). Through reading Anne Sexton’s poem â€Å"Her Kind† we get a better understanding of Anne herself. She was a strong character who used her writing as therapy. Doctors never knew that her writing would have such an impact on the world. She writes specifically in her poem â€Å"Her Kind† about what she went through in society as a woman. Through Anne’s writing it improved her mental health. It was an outlet for her feelings. Her writing was true and honest and something many women would never talk about much less publicly write about. Her mental health inspired her creative writing which in turn helped her mental health to some degree. Her honest writing became her outlet and a way of therapy. Works Cited â€Å"Anne (Harvey) Sexton. † American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. Ed. A. Walton Litz. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1981. Literature Resource Center. Gale. University of South Carolina Libraries. 6 Apr. 2009 . George, Diana Hume. â€Å"Oedipus Anne: The Poetry of Anne Sexton. † Oedipus Anne: The Poetry of Anne Sexton. University of Illinois Press, 1987. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski and Roger Matuz. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982. Literature Resource Center. Gale. University of South Carolina Libraries. 7 Apr. 2009 How to cite Creativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton, Papers

Creativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton Free Essays

A number of creative individuals have taken their own lives, including John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Sylvia Plath, and many other writers. The large number of such cases suggests that there may be a functional relationship between creativity and psychological health. This relationship seems to vary across domains, with the rate of suicide especially high in certain groups of artists. We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton or any similar topic only for you Order Now This may suggest that there may be something unique to those domains that either draws suicide-prone persons into the domain or has an impact on the individual such that suicide is considered and often attempted. When the poem writing by Anne Sexton entitled Her Kind you can closely compare how Anne’s mental health affected her poetry and how her poetry affected her mental health. The American Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Anne Sexton took her own life in 1974 via carbon monoxide poisoning before reaching the age of fifty. Her life and work are especially interesting because her poetry was clearly tied to her own psychiatric treatment. She began writing with only moderate formal education (a high school diploma), but after being published she was given honorary degrees from several universities, including Tufts, Radcliffe, and Harvard. Sexton’s poems, many dealing with suicide, read together with richly researched recent biography, enhanced by biographer’s access to tapes of Sexton’s sessions with her psychiatrist and by foreword by that psychiatrist, permit unusual opportunity to understand the interrelationship of her illness, her treatment, and the meaning of suicide in her life. Whatever was on her mind seemed to come out in her poetry whether it was about sex, madness or death. â€Å"Readers tend to be generous in their praise, celebrating the poetry primarily because it so fully and openly reveals Sexton’s personal pain† (Anne). Basically, the speaker of â€Å"Her Kind† is outcast because she is powerful. Traditionally, society expects women to lead sheltered lives. Women are to be obedient, quiet, and timid. They are viewed as gentle and kind, not â€Å"dreaming evil† (Line 3, Sexton). The modern, liberated woman completely shatters this tradition by courageously speaking her mind and living an independent life. She is empowered as she seeks education and a stable career instead of a domestic life. Since the modern woman does not fit the traditional label, â€Å"A woman like that is not a woman quite† (Line 6, Sexton). Society would view this line of the poem as a negative slam on the modern woman and paraphrase it by saying, â€Å"She’s not quite right in the head; therefore, she does not belong here in civilization. † Anne Sexton was a poet and a woman, but most importantly, she was an outcast. Subjected to nervous breakdowns and admitted to a neuropsychiatry hospital, Sexton must have been all too familiar with the staring eyes and the judging minds of the public. Just being a woman in today’s world often can be enough to degrade a person in the public’s eye, let alone being labeled as a crazy woman. But Anne Sexton did not let society remain unchallenged in its views. She voiced a different opinion of women through poetry. In Anne Sexton’s â€Å"Her Kind† she embraces society’s negative stereotype of modern, liberated women and transforms it into a positive image. Two voices, the voice of society and the voice of Anne, duel about the issue of the stereotype of modern women. Like Anne Sexton, the speaker in this poem is an outcast woman. Sexton was born in Massachusetts on November 9, 1928, to Mary Gray Staples and Ralph Churchill Harvey, who were known to drink regularly and sometimes heavily. They were somewhat prominent and quite socially active. Scholars suggest that they may have valued their social engagements over their family responsibilities. There is some evidence that Sexton’s mother was jealous about her very early writing (Long). Sexton did not have obvious creative aspirations, but instead seemed to think more about a family of her own. At one point her mother accused her of plagiarism and had that particular writing examined. It was deemed to be original, but many scholars suggest this incident affected Sexton’s relationship with her mother. Sexton’s aunt on her father’s side attempted suicide in early childhood, lived several decades in an apparently stable marriage, and eventually committed suicide just before she turned seventy. The family believes that if her aunt’s suicide had any sort of influence on Sexton, it was probably informational (e. g. , the aunt modeling suicide) rather than genetic. Biographers place great emphasis on Sexton’s psychiatric treatment, which was significant as evidenced by the content of her poetry. And, it is possible, given her nonconformism that Sexton suffered from a borderline personality disorder. There are reports of her schizophrenic language, for instance, as well as her tendency to enter some sort of trance at the end of her psychiatric treatment sessions. She apparently did not want to end the sessions, perhaps because of emotional and social needs. â€Å"Sexton’s writing seems so personal she is often labeled a ‘confessional’ poet† Anne did not agree with this title and preferred to be called a â€Å"storyteller† (Middlebrook). For instance, in her poem titled â€Å"Her Kind† she writes, â€Å"A woman like that is not a woman, quite. I have been her kind† (Sexton). Many people would automatically assume that Anne was speaking about herself in her poem, especially according to those who believe her poetry is confessional. But in reality, â€Å"she considered the speaking ‘I’ in her poetry as a literary rather than a real identity† (Middlebrook). Not everything she wrote was necessarily about her but rather perhaps a form of therapy. Diane Middlebrook believes Sexton conveys the terms on which she wishes to be understood: not victim, but a witness (Middlebrook). Through reading Anne Sexton’s poem â€Å"Her Kind† we get a better understanding of Anne herself. She was a strong character who used her writing as therapy. Doctors never knew that her writing would have such an impact on the world. She writes specifically in her poem â€Å"Her Kind† about what she went through in society as a woman. Through Anne’s writing it improved her mental health. It was an outlet for her feelings. Her writing was true and honest and something many women would never talk about much less publicly write about. Her mental health inspired her creative writing which in turn helped her mental health to some degree. Her honest writing became her outlet and a way of therapy. Works Cited â€Å"Anne (Harvey) Sexton. † American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. Ed. A. Walton Litz. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1981. Literature Resource Center. Gale. University of South Carolina Libraries. 6 Apr. 2009 . George, Diana Hume. â€Å"Oedipus Anne: The Poetry of Anne Sexton. † Oedipus Anne: The Poetry of Anne Sexton. University of Illinois Press, 1987. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski and Roger Matuz. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982. Literature Resource Center. Gale. University of South Carolina Libraries. 7 Apr. 2009 How to cite Creativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton, Papers

Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company

Introduction Overview of the Company Saudi Public Transport Company (SAPTCO) is a company offering communal bus transport within and without the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. SAPTCO covers ten major cities within the country which include Mecca, Riyadh and Jeddah.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company also provides special services to the religious sites during the Islamic calendars. SAPTCO further provides transport to the neighbouring countries and other Arab states such as Egypt and Sudan. In addition, SAPTCO offers VIP transport between the capital city to Bahrain through Medina and school transport (SAPTCO, 2013). The company has employed over 5000 workers of which 900 are for administration and fleet management. The bus drivers are also included in the above number of employees (SAPTCO, 2013). The company is governed by a nine member b oard of directors headed by the chairman. The chairman is appointed by the Prime Minister. The board consists of four representatives of state departments and four other members who represent the minority shareholders (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 25; SAPTCO, 2013). SAPCO was established in the late 70s by an act of parliament. Its headquarter is in the Saudi capital of Riyadh. The Saudi government initially spent nearly one billion riyals to establish the company and still remains a major shareholder up to date; the public only owns less than 20 percent of the shares. The company has a fleet of almost 3000 contemporary buses which makes up to 600 trips a day and are connected to over 360 cities and villages within and without the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SAPTCO, 2013). The company’s vehicles are very modern, comfortable and charge considerably lower prices than their Western counterpart (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 373). SAPTCO has expanded its business to include freight service, parcel services and luxury car hire. The latter can be hired on short term and long term basis. The company has a wide range of luxury cars including Limousines which suits the needs of all and give clients a wide range of choice. SAPTCO uses medium and heavy trucks to transport cargo and freight. The majority of the cargo and freight are transported between Riyadh and Dammam, where the short distance makes it more cost-effective than rail transport. Most of the cargo and freight transport also takes between Riyadh and Jeddah where alternative means do not exist (SAPTCO, 2013).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Purpose of the report The main purpose of this report is to conduct a case study analysis of Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company (SAPTCO). The case study will involve exploring the background of the company, industrial analysis/porters five forces analysis, SWOT analysis and financial analysis. In addition, the report will explore the company’s business strategy, systems and structures put in place to match the strategy and make necessary recommendations. Case Analysis Industrial Synopsis In Saudi Arabia, the public sector transport plays a significant role in the economy. This sector also makes every effort to create value in the same way as the private sector. This strategy is both beneficial to the company and the passengers. The improvement in the service quality has also attracted other users, for instance, schools and tourists. In addition, the improvement in the public sector bus transport has helped to reduce perennial problems such as traffic congestion, noise and air pollution, and excessive consumption of fuel (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 26). The country’s transport sector is not centrally managed. Saudi Port and Railways are managed independently, whereas air transport fall under the ministry of defence and aviation. Roads and transport fall under the ministry of transport (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 26). The complex nature of the transport sector has resulted to high competition for budgetary allocation given the fact that most of these projects are funded by the government. Given the publicly-funded nature of the public transport sector, each segment has not achieved its full potential compared to their counterparts in developed economies (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 28). Since public transport is not operating and performing to a world class standard, Saudi government has been forced to spend huge sums of money to subsidize the transport system. The government subsidies have compromised the efficiency of the public transport infrastructure and services (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 375). Therefore, the Saudi government has to facilitate public-private sector partnership to enhance efficiency and minimize heavy spending on this sector (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 28). The government has also pumped billions of Saudi Riyals in the development and maintenance of the road network in the last two decades. However, one of the major concerns is the budgetary allocation to the transport sector which is relatively lower compared to other sectors. Budgetary limitation has forced the government to rethink of how to reform the public road transport. To narrow the financing gap, the ministry of transport and ministry of finance has considered enhancing public-private sector partnership (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 230).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Porter’s five forces analysis of the public transport sector This model is based on the comprehensive stance on the company’s strategies that meets the opportunities and threats within and without the industry. The five forces as identified by porter include threats to news entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and customers, threat of substitutes, and the rivalry within the industry (Porter 2008, p. 78). Saudi Arabia transport industry is highly regulated and SAPTCO nearly controls the entire sector. Barriers to the new entrants are predominantly government legislation and policies.The law gives the company a near monopolistic right to provide intra- and intercity public bus transport services. According to the law, the ministry of transport is given the responsibility to monitor and regulate the public transport sector. Competition in this sector is very limited. SAPTCO controls more than 80% of this sector and only less than 20% of the buses are privately owned (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 25). The company’s bargaining power in the transport industry in Saudi Arabia is considerably high. The bargaining power of the company in the public transportation industry is high because of minimal alternatives or due to its dominance in the market. The government has been trying to reduce this bargaining power through public-private sector partnership (Porter 2008, p. 80; Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 25). On the other hand, the passengers in the Saudi Arabian public transport industry have less bargaining power and cannot impose pressure on the profit margins and volumes. Fare prices charged to the passengers are influenced by company’s policies and the prevailing economic conditions. The industry is also characterized by a few transport companies and high number of passengers giving the former upper hand over the passengers. In addition, Saudi consumers are price sensitive but in matters of transport they don’t have a choice (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 373). As already been mentioned, the country’s public transport service is largely dominated by SAPTCO and this means that there are very few alternatives. Other companies (which occupy 20% share of the public transport) mainly handle freight and cargo and a sizeable number of taxi business (SAPTCO, 2013). Less than five percent provides public bus transport service and those who does operate within the city. For that reason, the public transport sector lacks rivalry at the moment (SAPTCO, 2013). But this situation is expected to change with liberalization of the transport sector and increased public-private sector partnership (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 375).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis is commonly used in business studies to explore the existing conditions in order to come up with possible solutions or strategies of addressing both internal and external challenges. In this case, our SWOT analysis will focus on Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company. The main objective of the analysis is to have first hand experience of the problems facing the company and gain knowledge concerning probable developments and potentials. Strengths These are the core competences of the Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company. The main foundation of the company is their staff. SAPTCO boasts of highly trained and disciplined personnel whose main focus are passengers comfort and satisfaction. Service quality and customer satisfaction have always been the core of SAPTCO as enshrined in its vision and mission statement. The company has managed to achieve all these because of its highly com petent staff, which includes the drivers and mechanics (SAPTCO, 2013). The system used by the SAPTCO vary in some aspects, however they all provide superior services than the conventional bus transport. The high level of service is achieved through various ways including restricted routes, prepaid bus system, provision of real time information to the passengers at the station and restricted stops. The company buses are exceptionally modernized to offer services for all walks of people including people with special needs. In addition, they are calmer, silkier and more comfortable than the conventional buses (SAPTCO, 2013). SAPTCO transport system is highly integrated with the existing and anticipated infrastructure. For instance, its bus routes and stations are envisaged and implemented in a way that enhances productivity, reduces travel time and promotes inter-modal connection. In summary, SAPTCO’s system serves to optimize speed and to provide convenient high quality service to the passengers compared to the conventional bus services (Anh, Tanaboriboon Hung, 2005, p. 352; SAPTCO, 2013). The use of more than one driver for buses and trucks plying international routes and adhering to strict work regulations have also helped the company to minimize accident incidence and ensure safety of the passengers. The work regulation requires that every drive takes at least five hours rest before taking another trip as well as one day off every week (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 373). In addition, the company has always been strict on road safety regulations and have employed highly skilled mechanics who maintains their vehicles regularly (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 373). The strength of the company is also in the diversification of the transport business. The company operates a portfolio of buses, trucks and luxury cars. As a result, SAPTCO has been able to spread risks and maintain profitability in the public transport business (SAPTCO, 2013). The company also of fers a very reliable and regular transport given its large fleet of vehicle. There is no single day that SAPTCO’s vehicles have not been on the roads of Saudi Arabia and the neighbouring countries. Besides high quality passenger services and safety standards, environmental protection and conservation are also in the company’s undertaking (SAPTCO, 2013). SAPTCO has put up necessary measures to mitigate emission of greenhouse gases and other forms of wastes, for instance, all their vehicles are installed with gadgets that regulate emission of toxic wastes. In addition, their old vehicles are either sold to private owners or recycled as scrap metals. Lastly, Saudi Arabia is among the top global exporters of petroleum products. Hence, the cost of fuel is very low in the country. Fuel cost constitutes the largest share of transportation cost in many countries. However, SAPTCO enjoys lower fuel prices which translate to less operational cost (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 381) . Weaknesses These are factors that distract the company from achieving its main objectives. Given the publicly-funded nature of the public transport sector, SEPTCO has not achieved its full potential compared to its counterparts in the developed economies and the Asian giants. Since SEPTCO is not operating and performing to a world class standard, Saudi government has been forced to spend huge sum of money to subsidize it. The subsidies considerably compromised the efficiency of the company (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 25). SEPTCO has monopolised the country’s public transport and as a result has minimised the level of competition in the public transport sector. The government, who is a major stakeholder in the company, has put in place stringent policies and regulations for the public transport sector barring private sector entry into the industry. Lack of competition is not only unhealthy for the industry but has also resulted in some form of inefficiencies like the on e experienced in the company (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 26). Fluctuating demand is also a major problem facing the company. During the holy month of Ramadan and Hajj, visitors tend to flock the country and the demand for public bus transport is very high at that time. However, when the visitors are gone the demand normally goes down. As a result, the buses are not optimally used during the low seasons. In addition, many Saudi citizens prefer to use private means of transport. This partly attributed to lower fuel prices in the country and the Islamic law that bars women from using public bus transport (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 375). Opportunities This part explores the opportunities in the public transport sector that would be beneficial to the company. Public-private sector partnership provides an opportunity for transforming the country’s public transport sector. Over the last one decade, the government has sped up structural reforms to trounce barriers thwarting th e participation of private sector in the transport business. The government has sought help from other countries, for instance, Qatar who has succeeded in this field. Present trend shows a high level of privatization and increased participation of the private sector in the public transport business. Public-private sector partnership will not only improve the efficiency of the company but also avail the much needed funds for expansion and further developments (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 4). The Saudi Arabian government is planning to liberalize the public transport sector through a public transport policy reform. These reforms are aimed at restructuring the public bus transport sector to allow for large private-sector buses in order to enhance competition in the industry. The reforms are also aimed at eliminating obstacles that hinder the entry of private sector in public transport (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 5). Competition will be regulated through appropriate legal and s trategic framework. Public transport policy reforms will help to eliminate the inefficiencies experienced in the company and improve SAPTCO to international standard (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 25). Public transport is one of the sectors the Kingdom has had a competitive advantage. Saudi Arabia is also located in strategic trade routes. For this reason, the government is planning to export transport service to the neighbouring countries. Export of public transport to the neighbouring countries will provide the company with an opportunity to optimize on the use of its vehicles, especially during the low season. This will also help to improve trade between the country and its neighbours (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 29). Owing to the growing economy, the government is also planning to increase budgetary allocation to its key ministries. The company should take advantage of these funds to improve and strengthen its performance. This is necessary because the entry of the private sector into the industry will lead to stiff competition and only the strong will survive (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 31). A recent increase in the price of oil in the global market and subsequently local market has forced many people to leave their cars at homes. This has not only reduced overall emission of greenhouse gases in the cities but also decongest the city from heavy traffic. In addition, the city councils recently hiked packing fees and private motor vehicle licenses. This has led to increase in the number of people using public transport (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 31). In 2012, Saudi Arabia witnessed the highest number of visitors and tourists in the country. According to the tourism ministry, this number is expected to increase even further in the coming years. Most of these tourists and visitors are Muslim pilgrims and foreign students (SAPTCO, 2013; Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 31). In addition, majority of them are from Africa and other muslim nations. The increase in the number of tourists and visitors in the country is attributed to the growth of the tourism sector and the expansion of the economy. The growth and development of the economy have enhanced opportunities in the country and as a result many people, especially from Africa, are streaming into the country in search of greener pastures. This provides the company with an opportunity to improve and expand its local transport services (Hassan Al Hammad, 2010, p. 374). SAPTCO can embrace the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) to improve its services (Blonn, Carlson Mueller, 2006, p. 6). GIS can be employed in two ways: First, computerized integrated geographical information system can be used to identify deficiencies in various routes. Second, data and information related to the bus network route are stored in a database and can be used in the future decision-making process. In other words, GIS not only helps in identifying route network deficiency but also help to enhance service and resource use (Blonn, Carlson Mueller, 2006, p. 7). Threats This section considers the overall difficulties or external challenges that the company is facing or is anticipated to face. One of the major threats facing the company is government policies in the transport sector that are more political rather than economic. Political interference in the affairs of the company has had a negative impact on the company. For instance, board and staff appointment in many occasions are not based on merits but on political affiliations. Due to political interference the company occasionally do experience the problem of mismanagement and corruption. In addition, the budgetary allocation to the company is always insufficient (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 26). Although the Kingdom is among the top exporters of oil, changes in the global oil prices also affect the local prices. An increase in the price of petroleum products in the global market may force the Saudi Arabia n government to hike fair prices, which could hinder the residents from using public transport (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005). The government is also expected to enact necessary laws that would allow private-sector buses in the Saudi public transport industry. As a result, there will be stiff competition which may negatively impact the company or drive it out of business if left uncontrolled (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 28). Last but not least, the principle of reforms in the transport sector has always been deemed as vague by the critics. SAPTCO’s corporate strategy, structure and control system The company plans to expand its market share by venturing into the neighbouring countries’ markets, especially during the holy months of Ramadan and Hajj (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 31). The company’s strategy is to further enhance private sector participation in the public transport. They intend to achieve this by expanding their fleet and enhancing service qua lity to the general public through operation and maintenance. The company is currently undertaking fleet upgrading and addition of new network routes. This is anticipated to further minimize profits and result in shortage of funds. This is where the private sector is needed to fill up the financial gap (SAPTCO, 2013). However, there are a number factors that have been discouraging private sector participation in the company. They include: first, without state financing, the company’s overall performance is supposed to worsen. Second, low demand routes may be phased out due to pressure to cut down cost. Third, an increase in the number of buses may result to poor loading and increased costs and fares. Fourth, excess number of buses may cause traffic jam, leading to high operational costs and time wastage. Last, Increased competition as a result of private sector entry may lead to unsound schedules, inconsistencies, safety challenges and fluctuating fare prices (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 45). To avert these challenges, the company has put in place necessary structures and control system. They include: first, the proposed merger with large private-sector companies. This will not only minimise competition but also regulate profit and cost. Second, competition will also be minimised through suitable planning and policy frameworks, for instance, an urban transport policy. The policy will ensure stable fare prices and upgrading of the current transport system (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 50). Others include operating within a limited network to accommodate private-sector and attaining autonomy. The latter will see the company generating its own finances, for instance, by floating shares and limit the use of government subsidies. All these are expected to boost efficiency in the company and improve service delivery (Riyadh Economic Forum, 2005, p. 51). SAPTCO’s financial analysis Financial analysis is a very significant aspect of case study ana lysis. Analysis of SAPTCO’s financial statements will greatly enhance our case study. In any case, financial analysis reflects on the performance of the company in relation to its strategies and structure. Even though analyzing companies financial positions is somehow difficult, ratio analysis is generally preferred. The financial ratios are normally categorised into groups. These groups include profitability ratios, Liquidity ratios, activity ratios, debt/leverage ratios, and equity-return ratios. The case study will only focus on the first four ratios since SAPTCO is nearly a monopoly with no real competitor in the public transport sector. The report will compare ratios for financial year 2012 and 2011 (Saudi Joint Stock Company, 2012). Profitability Ratios These ratios show whether the company is making progress or going down. Profitability ratios include Return on Total Assets (ROA) and Return of Stakeholders Equity (ROE). ROA= Net Profit/ Total Assets. ROA for the financ ial year 2011 and 2012 are 0.036 and 0.35 respectively. This shows a decline of 0.001. ROE=Net Profit/Stakeholders Equity. ROE for the financial year 2011 and 2012 are 0.045 and 0.050 respectively. This represents an increase of 0.005. Decrease in ROA is a result of the falling trend of revenue due to the inefficiencies being experienced in the company. However, the company is still performing relatively well. Liquidity Ratios These ratios gauges the company’s capacity to pay interim debts. Liquidity ratios include Current ratio and Quick ration. Current ratio=Current assets/Current liabilities and it should be more than one. The current ratio for the financial year 2011 and 2012 are 0.818 and 0.696 respectively. The two ratios show an alarming trend in the company and it is even worse in 2012. In real sense, the company cannot meet short term obligations unless it continues to borrow. Quick ratio=Current Assets-Inventory/Current Liabilities. Quick ratio for the financial yea r 2011 and 2012 are 0.577 and 0.53 respectively. This means that the company cannot pay the claims of short term creditors and the trend is getting worse. Activity Ratios These ratios show how the company is overseeing the use of its assets. These ratios include stock/inventory turnover and Average Collection Period. In our case, we will only look at inventory turnover. Inventory turnover= Cost of goods sold/Inventory. Inventory turnover for the financial year 2011 and 2012 are 7.02 and 8.23 respectively. The ratio shows a positive trend in the turnover rate. Leverage Ratios These ratios show the amounts of debt or equity used to finance the business. Businesses are highly leveraged if they use more borrowings than equity. The balance between the two is normally referred to as capital structure. Leverage ratios include Debt to Asset ratio, Debt to Equity ratio and Time Covered ratio. The case will only focus on the first two. Debt to Asst ratio= Total debt/Total assets. Debt to asse t ratio for the financial year 2011 and 2012 are 0.2613 and 0.3094 respectively. The ratio shows increased rates of borrowing to finance the business. Debt to equity ratio=Total debt/Total equity. Debt to equity ratio for the year 2011 and 2012 are 0.3276 and 0.4481 respectively. This also shows an increasing trend of leverage. Conclusion SAPTCO is a government funded company which offers public transport within and without the country. The company was formed through an act of parliament in 1979. SAPTCO is a near monopoly in the public transport sector and therefore has no real competitor. This is due to government stiff regulations which hinder the entry of private sector in the public transport sector. Overdependence on government subsidies has really compromised the company’s efficiency and performance. As a result, the company has not been able to exploit its full potential. To enhance the efficiency and performance of SAPTCO, the report recommends necessary reforms in th e public transport sector to allow entry of the private sector. The government should also ensure that SAPTCO becomes an autonomous entity which can run its own affairs without state interference and minimise reliance on subsidy. Lastly, the company should go on with its plan of enhancing its partnership with the private sector. References Anh, T.T., Tanaboriboon, Y., Hung, B.Q. (2005). Analysis of Bus Service in Hanoi, Vietnam. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5, 352-362. Blonn, J., Carlson, D., Mueller, P. (2006). Transport 2020 Bus Rapid Transport: A cost Benefit Analysis. Madison, Wisconsin: Madison Area Bus Advocates. Hassan, M.K., Al Hammad, A.A. (2010). Intercity Bus Scheduling for the Saudi Public Transport Company to Maximize Profit and Yield Additional Revenue. Journal of Service Science and Management, 3, 373-382. Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard business review, 78-93. Riyadh Economic For um. (2005). Saudi Arabia — Regional and Global Transport Hub: A Public-Private Partnership Opportunity. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Riyadh Chamber of Commerce. SAPTCO. (2013). Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company. Web. Saudi Joint Stock Company. (2012). SAPTCO Interim Finacial Statement. Limited Review Report to the Shareholders of Saudi Public Transport Company, 31 March 2012. Retrieved from https://www.tadawul.com.sa/wps/portal/tadawul/home/. Appendices Appendix 1: SAPTCO’s Balance Sheet As at 31st December 2012 Currency in millions of Saudi Arabia Riyals Dec 31 2011 Dec 31 2012 Inventory Other Current Assets Total Current Assets Net Property Plant and Equipment Long-Term Investments Total Assets Current liabilities Other liabilities Total Liabilities Common Stock Total Common Equity Total Equity Total Liability and Equity 74.3 178.6 252.9 1292 378 1815.6 309.5 165 474.5 1448.3 1448.3 1448.3 1922.8 71.2 228.7 299.9 1350.8 459.1 2109.8 431 221.9 652.8 1456.9 1456.9 1456.9 2109.8 Source: Saudi Joint Stock Company (2012) Appendix 2: SAPTCO’s Statement of Cash Flow Currency in Millions of Saudi Arabia Riyals Dec 31 2011 Dec 31 2012 Net Income Depreciation and Amortization, Total Other Operating Activities Cash from Operations Capital Expenditure Cash from investing Long-Term Debt Issued Total Debt Issued Long-Term Debt Repaid Total Debt Repaid Other financing Activities Cash From Financing Net Change in Cash 65.3 149.6 2.5 273.5 -275.1 -483.8 81.4 81.4 – – –59.7 21.6 -188.7 73.8 170.8 2.9 302.2 -232.5 -297.8 89.4 89.4 – – -60.4 29.0 33.4 Source: Saudi Joint Stock Company (2012) Appendix 3: Income Statement Currency in millions of Saudi Arabia Riyals Dec 31 2011 Dec 31 2012 Revenues Total Revenues Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit Selling General and Admin Expenses, Total Depreciation and Amortization, Total Other Operating Expenses Other Operating Expense, Total Operating Income O ther Non-Operating Expenses, Total Other Non-Operating Income (Expenses) EBT, Including unusual items Income TAX Expense Earnings From Continuing Operations Net Income Net Income To Common Including Extra Items 810.0 810.0 521.9 288.1 83.2 149.6 -12.6 220.3 67.8 – – 67.8 2.5 65.3 65.3 65.3 914.9 914.9 585.9 329.1 112.5 170.8 -31.0 252.3 76.7 – – 76.7 2.9 73.8 73.8 73.8 Source: Saudi Joint Stock Company (2012) This report on Saudi Arabia Public Transport Company was written and submitted by user Giovanny Simpson to help you with your own studies. 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McDonalds and Burger king Essays

McDonalds and Burger king Essays McDonalds and Burger king Essay McDonalds and Burger king Essay Essay Topic: Marketing As part of my assignment I will compare Mc Donalds and Burger king. These two restaurants offer similar products and services . I chose to compare the two businesses because of the fierce competition and promotional strategies that they use. Mc Donald and Burger King are in direct competition with each other and always compete to be ahead of each other and gain customer loyalty. The first Mc Donalds restaurant opened in the UK in the 1970s. Mc Donalds states that customers convenience is the driving force behind new restaurant locations. The company is committed to responsible growth, and works closely with local planning officers and community groups when developing a new restaurant. McDonalds is the leading global food service retailer with more than 30,000 local restaurants in more than 100 countries. Approximately 70 percent of Mc Donalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent, local businessmen and women through franchise arrangements There are currently more than 1,000 Mc Donalds restaurants throughout the UK, and the company continues to strive to offer greater convenience to customers while responding sympathetically to local circumstances. Mc Donalds strives to ensure quality from crop up to the counter. This means that the restaurant requires the highest standards and specifications, not just for product ingredients but also every detail of production, transport, delivery, preparation and service is also monitored. Mc Donalds also recognises the importance of a balanced diet and life-style and continues to seek quality new products. The restaurant says that this dedication to quality earns the degree of trust customers place in the Mc Donalds Brand. Burger king company information What started with one restaurant in Miami in 1954 has grown to more than 11,220 restaurants in 61 countries worldwide. And, like a small child who eats his greens, Burger king is still growing and growing. Burger king outlets number 523 in Britain out of more than 10,000 globally. Burger King mission Statement At Burger King Corporation, diversity is part of their foundation. We value, honour and respect differences in our employees, customers, franchisees and suppliers. By sharing a common vision, they have created a premier company with a harmonious working environment that achieves its business and diversity objectives. I couldnt obtain Burger King Market share. Mc Donald menu includes; chicken sandwiches, double cheese big Mac burgers this includes beef, fillet o fish sandwiches, fries, breakfast, happy meals and desserts. The restaurant also offers dairy products such as milkshakes, ice creams and yogurts. Burger King have similar menu, this includes whopper sandwiches, and flame grilled burgers, chicken, fish veggie, fresh baked baguettes, breakfast, beverages, and kids menu with desserts. It is quite clear that both restaurants offer practically the same products this has been the cause of fierce competition. Both restaurants compete on price as I previously mentioned and also the followings. Advertising Mc Donalds uses adverts to help boost sales and to aware their customers on new or existing products. The restaurant uses catch phrases such as things that make you go mhhhhhhh. This was a jingle used in February 2003; currently the company uses the phrase I am loving it This slogan was promoted by an RB artist (Justin Timberlake). I believe that this was a successful method of promotion because the sales increased and children all over the country were singing along. Other methods include using collectable toys, coupons, promotional schemes in schools and figures such as Ronald McDonald. Burger King also uses the same tactics they have collectable toys for the kids meals. The restaurant slogan is Have it your way. Burger King has used movies such as the Incredible Hulk to promote meals in 2004. This was a very successful action for the business it increased sales.

Congugation of Jeter in French

Congugation of Jeter in French   Jeter  is one of two verbs that means to throw in French, and conjugation of this common verb can be tricky for students to learn. But this stem-changing verb, like lancer (which means the same thing), is a very useful one to know. Youll use this verb to talk about sports and to describe everyday activities. Present, Future, Imperfect The first step in any French verb conjugation is to identify the stem and in this case, it is  jet -. Thats very important here because  jeter  is a  stem-changing verb. In the conjugations, you will notice that some forms use a double T while others retain the single letter from the infinitive form. Subject Present Future Imperfect je jette jetterai jetais tu jettes jetteras jetais il jette jettera jetait nous jetons jetterons jetions vous jetez jetterez jetiez ils jettent jetteront jetaient A series of infinitive endings are added to the stem to match  the subject pronoun  with the proper tense. For instance: je  jette   I throw  nous  jetterons.  Ã‚  We will throw   Present and Past Participles The  present participle  of  jeter  is formed with an s: jai jetà ©   I threwnous avons jetà ©.   We threw Subjunctive, Conditional, and Other Conjugations As you become more proficient in French, you may also need to know some of these tenses.  The subjunctive verb mood implies that theres a question to the verbs action. The conditional does not guarantee it either because the action is dependent on conditions. Youll probably only find the passà © composà © and the imperfect subjunctive when reading French. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je jette jetterais jetai jetasse tu jettes jetterais jetas jetasses il jette jetterait jeta jett nous jetions jetterions jetmes jetassions vous jetiez jetteriez jettes jetassiez ils jettent jetteraient jetrent jetassent In the imperative verb form, skip the subject pronoun because its implied in the verb. For these short exclamations, use jette instead of tu jette. Imperative (tu) jette (nous) jetons (vous) jetez ​​

Crowdsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crowdsourcing - Essay Example Most studies done on crowdsourcing have focused more on the quality of results and throughput with very or no attention on efficiency or the tradeoff therein. This is because; the number of tasks to be performed is usually very small. Additionally, the tasks performed by users are also small, and as a result, the techniques employed to guarantee result quality and scale the tasks that arise, does not tackle the aspect of efficiency. This paper aims at evaluating existing result-improvement mechanism, and proposes a novel technique that is independent of task complexities and size, but ensures efficiency and a tradeoff between quality of results and efficiency. Keywords: Efficiency; Throughput; Result Quality; Crowdsourcing; Data INTRODUCTION Crowdsourcing is very popular and has become very important for data collection-labeled data- that are dependent on human input to ensure quality of data as demonstrated by reCAPTCHA, Amazon Mechanical Turk, ESP game, and Netflix among others. Cr owdsourcing is the distribution of small chunks of large, complicated tasks to a large community of users over the internet who offers small contributions towards solving or offering a solution (Brabham 2008). In addition to data labeling, crowdsourcing has been utilized in double keying individual words, image labeling, word disambiguation and grading of word pairs that depict relatedness (Sautter & Bohm 2011). There are a number of challenges that arise from crowdsourcing including lack of guarantees for correctness with regards to human inputs. This can be as a result of accidental mistakes resulting from misjudgment or sloppiness. Sometimes, users may cheat to increase their chances of receiving a reward by cheating to reduce their effort. These challenges require development of crowdsourcing techniques that can ensure data quality, efficiency, counter errors, work with very large data sets, and yield high throughput. Previous studies and crowdsourcing mechanisms such as r-Redun dancy, have focused more on working with large tasks, countering errors, yielding high throughput and ensuring data quality (Eckert et al. 2010). This study, however, proposes novel techniques that are independent of task complexities and size but ensure efficiency and enables tradeoff between quality of results and efficiency. THE NEED FOR EFFICIENT CROWDSOURCING TECHNIQUES FOR COMPLEX TASKS Crowdsourcing mechanisms such as r-Redundancy, have focused more on working with large tasks, countering errors, yielding high throughput and ensuring data quality. They have assumed that most users offer meaningful and correct inputs. These mechanisms have ensured data quality, even in the presence of dishonesty, cheating and inability but do not discourage such a behavior (Wauthier & Jordan 2011). Therefore, a mechanism that probes users, is required, one that would not only ensure quality and high throughput, but ensure efficiency, as well. OVERVIEW OF EFFICIENT CROWDSOURCING TECHNIQUES FOR COMPLEX TASKS There are crowdsourcing techniques that combine error countering, data quality enforcement, and large tasks handling. v-Voting is one such mechanism that mostly focuses on countering errors (Alonso et al. 2008). It reduces the required number of inputs unlike r-Redundancy by obtaining inputs from different users and combining them to the final result. There is also Vote Boosting, which is a mechanism that builds on v-Voting to increases throughput

Macroeconomics In Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Macroeconomics In Healthcare - Essay Example It is estimated that the global community currently provides roughly $2 billion per year to health in the poorest countries. For the poorest economies, spending does appear to make a difference. Gro Harlem Bruntland, Director General of the World Health Organization, believes that â€Å"health has a central role in the world economy. Yet, few finance officials and development economists have so far explored the potential importance of health investment as an instrument for reducing poverty† (Ivinson551). Improved health is potentially advantageous to poor economies. Increased life expectancy can lead to increased productivity and economic stability for many poor families, assuming that opportunities for work and education are readily available. However, in some of the poorest economies, opportunity for increased income from work is very limited. In some areas, basic infrastructure such as roads, utilities and means for production does not exist. Often political corruption prev ents those who are healthy and physically able to work for many years from realizing their true income potential. Even relocation to areas with more work opportunities are difficult with limited income and few safe roads. In those areas, it is a combination of increased spending on health care, increased development of infrastructure and acitivities which remove or reduce corruption that must take place simultaneously for the poorest economies to benefit overall. Improved health care alone will not bring about much change in economic conditions.

Example Answers to Questions on Ethical Behaviour

Example Answers to Questions on Ethical Behaviour My view is that, ethical behavior will pay off in long run. Even though it might take few years down the track for the company to pay off. Ethical behavior is basically an individuals view of what is right or what is wrong. Ethical behavior is used inside and outside of the business environment. We also make ethical decision in our daily life. All human beings are behaving ethically from their own point of view, which also might differ from culture to culture or business environment. In our daily lifestyle, ethical behavior has passed on in every culture generation by generation, which seems it pays off. Ethical behaviors in a workplace are based on the combination factor depending on their ideas. The ideas of work environment ethics is related to how people who work for and who run the business applies their perception of right and wrong in a way they conduct the business . It is good for the company and the companies product to maintain its value at the same time retain standard. This would happen, if the company stand its foot on the ethical behavior. All the existing companies should choose to behave ethically to keep their relationship between their customers and co workers. This is very important in businesses now days to increase their sales of product and services. All the business should maintain first class service. Being ethical also refrains from the companies name or by product also being spoiled and it also keeps the customers happy. But if the leader of the company or the manager misleads the employees or the organisation in a wrong direction, than the rewards bad behavior. Some of these unethical behaviors that are done by the leaders in a bad organization could be lying, cheating and stealing. Even though by lying or cheating might not be a loss for the company, but its like taking the organization and its products and services to a major risk. To run a good ethical behavior organization one must ensure that the leaders abide by the rules and regulation of the particular organization. And the leaders should have the similar ethical thinking of what the organization has. The risks of the organization could take place by running businesses by unethical manners are as follows:- Loss of customers Bad name of the organization in the existing society. Prevents the organisation from growing Bankruptcy Risk of being sued. Breach of consumer responsibility. Loss of good employees. In an organization, employees should form a system to solve any ethical problem that arises with the help of leaders and the managers. As a leader the first step is to specify the appropriate behaviors not just by words but also by your action. To prevent unethical dilemma at a workplace the manager or the leader should provide employees with proper training during the orientation. If you want to make sure your workplace is a good role model of an ethical behavior (doing what is right) the leaders of the organization should ensure the employees continue to follow the rules that are laid out throughout the entity. While it is hard for a company to write some of the simple rules and regulations as long as the general rules are given out, so the company should ask to live by the response of the behavior that they make unethically and hold them accountable for doing so. According to the workforce in todays business culture all individuals should be prepared to deal with stressful situation. Such as when employees are caught for doing previous unethical decision they start blaming the victim (he was stupid enough to fall for it), and finger pointing (she does the same thing, and you never call her on it) will not be tolerated. To make sure that the unethical behaviour does not arise, therefore companys written rule is compulsory for every individual. Also all the rules should be clear easy to understand, and posted to notice board. Even though it is easy to understand the ethical and unethical behaviour thats why the rules made for employees should be memorized. This is how your business can find its way through the gray areas, and the way out on the other end of the tunnel. My past job was also a great experience that the ethical behaviour does pay off in long run. This was when I was back in Sydney. I met Brian Hussain, who was very keen on opening up his own business in a car detailing. He told me that he was going to offer me a job of a manager, since i had two years experience in the detailing of cars. So i took his offer since the income offered to me was great. Brian Hussain spoke to the owner of Premier Parking, which is well known in Australia, to go partners with him in 1998. They both came to an agreement and decided to open up the detailing shop by the name off Elite Car Care in May 1998. The first Elite Car Care was opened in the parking lot of Leichardt mall, Sydney. So i started working from the first day of the opening, business was running a bit slow since most people were not aware of it that the car wash was in the parking lot. Months went past and the business started to make progress, by the end of 1998. The turnover was almost three times more than what we usually use to make. And the workers were really good but the only issue i had that they had a student work permit with only 20 hours of work availability. Since the Car Wash was open for 7 days, it was important for me to have at least four staffs every day except Mondays. Weekends use to be the most busy days of the week, and in order to get the work done I had to ask the employees to do extra hours, which the students 20 hours were exceeded. The immigration was ok with the students if they went over the 20 hour to 23 hours, as long as they dont repeat it often. Brian Hussain, use to come around the work place almost every afternoon just to check up on the hours of the staffs and the sale we did throughout the day. So what Brian Hussain was, cutting down the hours of work the students did to 20 hours even if they worked till 22 to 23 hours. What was done by Brian Hussain was wrong, but i really couldnt do much since he was the boss. The actions of Brian Hussian, made the workers leave, which also made us loss some of our really good customers. Because the work was not done properly and the time frame that the customers had to wait for their vehicles to be cleaned was also stretched. In 1999 i arranged a meeting with Brian Hussain and his partner in the business, who was the owner of premier car park. I told him that the decisions that Brain Hussian made was not ethical and it also affected our business in a great loss. I also suggested that on the busy days of the week if the workers work really hard and skip there lunch to get the work done we should give them a bonus or reward for their effort contributed to the car wash. They knew it will be some extra expenses for the business, but they agreed to do as i suggested. After these changes were made there was a great progress and growth in the business environment, even the workers were satisfied to what the rules that was laid by the organization. By the mid 1999 the turnover was so good that Brian Hussain and his partner decided to open another car wash in Double Bay, which i know was a great idea, because the people that lived there are rich and drive expensive cars. And by the end of 1999 Elite Car Care had a great name in the market of car wash, which made the old customer that we lost in Leichardt to come back to us. This is why i strongly suggest that ethical behaviour pay off in long run and also maintains a healthy relationship with the customers and employees. It is also said what goes around comes back around this is a true saying and I believe to stand by it. References http://www.suite101.com/content/ethics-in-the-modern-workplace-a32979 http://www.asla.org/nonmembers/publicrelations/pressreleases/press071801.htm http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_July_20/ai_76649894/ Question 2 Societys impact will be reflected by the ethical leaders, how the decisions are made and they need to be people oriented. Leaders are there to set an example in an organisation and by doing that they resolve the negative impact on the society. Leaders show ethical behaviour by doing right thing and at the same time they help to motivate the followers. They also help the followers achieve the moral knowledge to its highest peak. In reality ethical leaders cover more encouragement of ethical behaviour. For example, repeating the ethical behaviour programs in their daily life. By being ethical the society helps the base of the business environment to be strong and steady. Right condition should be created by ethical leaders and also organisational culture to encourage the development of ethical behaviour. With a good ethics a leader can convince the world. Society has been represented by a leader or leaders at different levels for e.g can be city, town, village, industry, club, association, country, etc. Such as USA is well known of its power and ethical behaviour, which is unmatchable leader in the world. Another example would be an American leader sent the USA army to Iraq to resolve the conflict they had in Iraq. The lack of corporation and support by the leaders can have a great negative impact on the society and the environment both. This could also result in the rise of crime, corruption, pollution, and social conflict. Todays people blame the leaders for things they have negative impact on the society reason being lack of faith on the leader. For example the voters of Canada no longer believe that their leaders are honest. More than half the people have researched by the British Columbia, which said the government is making their life worst. Being an ethical leader its not just making, doing the jobs that makes the business benefit, but it also must be equally benefit for the people and the society. To complete accurate information through channel leaders need to suggest on professional, personal and legal grounds. By doing this you will have a peace of mind and have no guilt as well as having a respect for the administration of employees. A leader being unethical doesnt just have a impact on the employees but also on the society. If this happens, it could result in a big collapse. One of the great examples that was using a unethical behaviour and then collapsed, is Enron. We can also describe ethical leadership as an trustworthy also describe ethical leaders transparent, honest and trustworthy culture that would later on help them achieve long lasting position of leaders in their groups, nations and organisations. Great example would be a well known person from India his name is Mahatma Gandhi for his great leadership style. In todays generation everybody expects the leaders to have the ethical behaviour and values in the society. By having such a large number of population its hard to separate the evil ones from the good ones. Thats why it gets hard to stay ethical and honest in the world of competition. To improve the ethical leadership in the business environment it is important to introduce ethical from the top first. A leader with ethical behaviour is also a part of social responsible organisation at different levels, which includes legal, economic, and ethical. If a company cannot look after its legal and economics responsibilities then it is not socially responsible. Sometimes company need to do more than it is required to have good impact on the business and in society too. To become more socially responsible a company needs to examine its ethical actions. Apparently company should strives in order to provide ethical treatment to all stakeholders away from shareholders. If the organisation allows their employees and the community in the decision making process as stakeholders then this will have a great impact to reduce negative and at the same time improve the positive outcome for each group. By doing this it also improves the companies action becomes more and more socially responsible. For a leader to have a ethical behaviour in a business organisation, his own thoughts and ethical behaviour should match with the business and society. In todays society leaders should know what kind of behaviour either positive or negative impact on others and the people around them. An ethical leader also helps the business to have a better and healthy communication between the business and society. Some of the good examples of how ethical leaders or an organisation helps the society are as follows:- Disaster Relief whereby for example telecom provide a support to society by proving resources and working twenty four hours , seven days to restore communication to homes and businesses. While working to restore the communication, telecom also provide free calls diverts to all customers and also a free wireless broadband in society. It is also a good thing that a society benefits from ethical behaviour of an organisation because the employees are part of the society.

The Inclusion of Sex Education in the School Curriculum

During high school years our minds have the greatest development. And whatever we have learned in high school we uses that knowledge to help us move on through college. At the high school age teenagers experiments different changes in their minds, bodies. A sometimes question comes up that at what age children should know about the sex. To the answer to that question is I believe at the age of 13-14 children and High School kids. High school should be teaching teenagers about different aspects of life, especially sex. A majority student does not get any sex education at home. Usually parents just ignore or avoid this kind of discussion or topic. So, that is why high school should teach students about sex. Since parents ignore giving knowledge about sex to their children, many of them turn to having unprotected sex because they are not educated about the matter. Their eyes are blind about the sex. Teenagers go to parties, they get drunk and they get involved physically with opposite sex. No one ever taught them to have protected sex. So females ends up getting pregnant. So, they would choose to have an abortion. Which is a very big debatable issue. Moreover, even if they not ends up getting pregnant some of the partners might have an aid and then they would get that aids. This could prevent by giving children some or more knowledge about sex. Since patents do not teach their children then sex education should be a vital part of a high school education. Personally, I believe that by giving students knowledge about sex in high school will help prevent teenage pregnancies and even the spread of disease such as aids. The out come would be save lives. In short, as parents we should support the High School and encourage them to teach our children about sex life. If parents were willing to educate their children at home then there would be no need for sex education. However, most of parents ignore sex topic and they would not prefer to discuss this topic in the family. Since the sex education does not exist at most of the homes, then there should be a need for sex education besides home, which is school.